Public court records · Regulatory sources · Independently maintained Data as of: 2026-09-29 · Not legal advice

Bhopal Gas Tragedy (Union Carbide) Lawsuit

IN closed Last verified 2023-01-01

India

Bhopal gas tragedy lawsuits form India’s landmark industrial-disaster case..

Overview

Bhopal gas tragedy lawsuits form India’s landmark industrial-disaster case. On December 2–3, 1984, a methyl isocyanate leak at Union Carbide India’s Bhopal plant killed thousands and injured hundreds of thousands (per reporting). The Government of India and Union Carbide settled in 1989 for US$470 million, and criminal proceedings later convicted UCIL executives of negligence (per Supreme Court Observer and CESR). In 2023 the Indian Supreme Court rejected a plea to increase the compensation (per Supreme Court Observer). The matter is closed; we keep the case as a landmark reference with no new intake.

Status of the science / claims: The disaster released methyl isocyanate gas, causing mass casualties; causation and compensation were addressed through the 1989 settlement and later judicial review (per Supreme Court Observer and reporting).

Companies involved

Settlement amounts

1989 settlement: US$470 million paid to victims’ fund (per reporting). The Indian Supreme Court rejected an additional-compensation plea in 2023 (per Supreme Court Observer). The matter is closed; no amount can be promised.

Figures above are as reported by the cited sources — not a promise of any individual outcome.

Last updated: 2023-01-01

Full breakdown: settlement amounts page →

Key dates

  1. January 1, 2023Indian Supreme Court rejects the Union’s plea to increase compensation (per Supreme Court Observer)
  2. June 7, 2010Criminal conviction of UCIL chairman and others for negligence (per CESR)
  3. February 14, 1989India and Union Carbide settle for US$470 million (per reporting)
  4. December 3, 1984MIC gas leak at Union Carbide’s Bhopal plant kills thousands (per reporting)

Updates

  • Updated Jan 1, 2023New case (Sep 2026, IN): Bhopal gas tragedy (1984) — 1989 US$470M settlement; UCIL executives convicted (2010); Indian Supreme Court rejected extra compensation (2023).

Last updated: Jan 1, 2023

Full changelog →

Notable filings

No notable filings recorded yet. Docket entries are added from public court records as they appear.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about this case record, answered from the public record.

What happened in Bhopal?

A methyl isocyanate gas leak at Union Carbide India’s Bhopal plant on December 2–3, 1984 killed thousands and injured hundreds of thousands — one of the worst industrial disasters in history (per reporting).

How much did Union Carbide pay?

The 1989 settlement provided US$470 million to a victims’ fund (per reporting); the Indian Supreme Court rejected a plea for additional compensation in 2023 (per Supreme Court Observer).

Were executives convicted?

Yes — UCIL’s chairman and several senior officials were convicted of negligence in 2010 (per CESR).

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